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The skin (derma - cutis)
Our partially revolutionary researches led to the knowledge that balance of nature regarding the human skin is an important factor for well-being and good health.
The human skin is a large part of the human body. Skin protects us from 'not appreciated intruders', and skin also regulates body temparature.
Modeco´s personal trainers consult our distributors permanentlyin order to provide excellent services and information to our valued customers.
The skin is considered the largest organ of the body and has many different functions. The skin functions in thermoregulation, protection, metabolic functions and sensation. The skin is divided into two main regions, the epidermis, and the dermis, each providing a distinct role in the overall function of the skin. The dermis is attached to an underlying hypodermis, also called subcutaneous connective tissue, which stores adipose tissue and is recognized as the superficial fascia of gross anatomy.
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of foreign substances into the body.
The epidermis is subdivided into five layers or strata:
The Stratum germinatum
The Stratum spinosum
The Stratum granulosum
The Stratum lucidum
The Stratum corneum
in which a keratinocyte gradually migates to the surface and is sloughed off in a process called desquamation.
The stratum germinatum (SG) provides the germinal cells necessary for the regeneration of the layers of the epidermis. These germinal cells are separated from the dermis by a thin layer of basement membrane. After a mitotic division a newly formed cell will undergo a progressive maturation called keratinization as its migrates to the surface.
The dermis (D) assumes the important functions of thermoregulation and supports the vasular network to supply the avascular epidermis with nutrients. The dermis is typically subdivided into two zones, a papillary dermis and a reticular layer. The dermis contains mostly fibroblasts which are responsible for secreting collagen, elastin and ground substance that give the support and elasticity of the skin. Also present are immune cells that are involved in defense against foreign invaders passing through the epidermis.
The papillary dermis (PD) contains vascular networks that have two important functions. The first being to support the avascular epidermis with vital nutrients and secondly to provide a network for thermoregulation. The vasculature is organized so that by increasing or decreasing blood flow, heat can either be conserved or dissipated. The vasculature interdigitates in areas called dermal papillae (DP). The papillary dermis also contains the free sensory nerve endings and structures called Meissner’s corpuscles in highly sensitive areas.
The cells
The cells that divide in the statum germinativum soon begin to accumulate many desmosomes on their outer surface which provide the characteristic „prickles“ (seen on the close-up view) of the stratum spinosum (SS), which is often called the prickle-cell layer.
The progressive maturation of a keratinocyte is charcterized by the accumulation of keratin, called keratinization. The cells of the stratum granulosum (SGR) accumlate dense basophilic keratohyalin granules (seen on the close-up view). These granules contain lipids, which along with the desmosomal connections, help to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body.
Epidermis varies in thickness throughout the body depending mainly on frictional forces and is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The stratum lucidum is normally only well seen in thick epidermis and represents a transition from the stratum granulosum to the stratum corneum.
As a cell accumulates keratinohyalin granules, it is thought that rupture of lysosomal membranes release lysosomal enzymes that eventually cause cell death. The dead and dying cells filled with mature keratin form the stratum corneum (SC). The deeper cells of the stratum corneum retain their desmosomal junctions, but as they are pushed to the surface by newly forming cells of the stratum germinativum (SG), the dead cells gradually break apart and are lost, a process called desquamation.
The reticular layer of the dermis (RD) consists of dense irregular connective tissue, which differs from the papillary layer (PD), which is made up of mainly loose connective tissue (note the difference in the number of cells). The reticular layer of the dermis is important in giving the skin it overall strength and elasticity, as well as housing other important epithelial derived structures such as glands and hair follicles.
The Dipl. Pharma - Cosmetoloist is working and watching the skin and espacially the scalp. His responsibility is to eleminate problems of the skin/skalp with special products he is getting from the Modeco - Cosmetologie Ltd.
We are now interested to give this possibilities to all good hairdressers, to work with and give a helpful hand to their clients.
One of the dangerous systems, those are normaly used by hairdressers are acids, those are irritating the scalp/skin. You can see that, when dry ends of the hair are getting dry in the ends after treating with wrong conditioners or rins.
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